TABLE 1
Solvent
|
formula
|
boiling point (oC)
|
melting point (oC)
|
density
(g/mL) |
solubility in H2O1
(g/100g)
|
relative
polarity2 |
eluant strength3
|
threshold limits4
(ppm)
|
vapor pressure 20oC (hPa)
|
acetic acid
|
C2H4O2
|
118
|
16.6
|
1.049
|
M
|
0.648
|
>1
|
10
|
15.3
|
acetone
|
C3H6O
|
56.2
|
-94.3
|
0.786
|
M
|
0.355
|
0.56
|
500
|
240
|
acetonitrile
|
C2H3N
|
81.6
|
-46
|
0.786
|
M
|
0.460
|
0.65
|
20
|
97
|
acetyl acetone
|
C5H8O2
|
140.4
|
-23
|
0.975
|
16
|
0.571
|
|
|
3
|
2-aminoethanol
|
C2H7NO
|
170.9
|
10.5
|
1.018
|
M
|
0.651
|
|
3
|
0.53
|
aniline
|
C6H7N
|
184.4
|
-6.0
|
1.022
|
3.4
|
0.420
|
|
2
|
0.4
|
anisole
|
C7H8O
|
153.7
|
-37.5
|
0.996
|
0.10
|
0.198
|
|
|
3.5*
|
benzene
|
C6H6
|
80.1
|
5.5
|
0.879
|
0.18
|
0.111
|
0.32
|
0.5
|
101
|
benzonitrile
|
C7H5N
|
205
|
-13
|
0.996
|
0.2
|
0.333
|
|
10
|
12
|
benzyl alcohol
|
C7H8O
|
205.4
|
-15.3
|
1.042
|
3.5
|
0.608
|
|
|
0.094*
|
1-butanol
|
C4H10O
|
117.6
|
-89.5
|
0.81
|
7.7
|
0.586
|
|
20
|
6.3
|
2-butanol
|
C4H10O
|
99.5
|
-114.7
|
0.808
|
18.1
|
0.506
|
|
100
|
18.3*
|
i-butanol
|
C4H10O
|
107.9
|
-108.2
|
0.803
|
8.5
|
0.552
|
|
|
10.5*
|
2-butanone
|
C4H8O
|
79.6
|
-86.3
|
0.805
|
25.6
|
0.327
|
0.51
|
200
|
105
|
t-butyl alcohol
|
C4H10O
|
82.2
|
25.5
|
0.786
|
M
|
0.389
|
|
100
|
41
|
carbon disulfide
|
CS2
|
46.3
|
-111.6
|
1.263
|
0.2
|
0.065
|
0.15
|
10
|
400
|
carbon tetrachloride
|
CCl4
|
76.7
|
-22.4
|
1.594
|
0.08
|
0.052
|
0.18
|
5
|
120
|
chlorobenzene
|
C6H5Cl
|
132
|
-45.6
|
1.106
|
0.05
|
0.188
|
0.30
|
10
|
12
|
chloroform
|
CHCl3
|
61.2
|
-63.5
|
1.498
|
0.8
|
0.259
|
|
10
|
210
|
cyclohexane
|
C6H12
|
80.7
|
6.6
|
0.779
|
0.005
|
0.006
|
0.04
|
100
|
104
|
cyclohexanol
|
C6H12O
|
161.1
|
25.2
|
0.962
|
4.2
|
0.509
|
|
50
|
1.2
|
cyclohexanone
|
C6H10O
|
155.6
|
-16.4
|
0.948
|
2.3
|
0.281
|
|
25
|
5
|
di-n-butylphthalate
|
C16H22O4
|
340
|
-35
|
1.049
|
0.0011
|
0.272
|
|
|
|
1,1-dichloroethane
|
C2H4Cl2
|
57.3
|
-97.0
|
1.176
|
0.5
|
0.269
|
|
100
|
240
|
1,2-dichloroethane
|
C2H4Cl2
|
83.5
|
-35.4
|
1.235
|
0.87
|
0.327
|
|
|
79*
|
diethylamine
|
C4H11N
|
56.3
|
-48
|
0.706
|
M
|
0.145
|
0.63
|
5
|
260
|
diethylene glycol
|
C4H10O3
|
245
|
-10
|
1.118
|
M
|
0.713
|
|
|
0.027
|
diglyme
|
C6H14O3
|
162
|
-64
|
0.945
|
M
|
0.244
|
|
|
|
dimethoxyethane (glyme)
|
C4H10O2
|
85
|
-58
|
0.868
|
M
|
0.231
|
|
|
|
N,N-dimethylaniline
|
C8H11N
|
194.2
|
2.4
|
0.956
|
0.14
|
0.179
|
|
|
|
dimethylformamide (DMF)
|
C3H7NO
|
153
|
-61
|
0.944
|
M
|
0.386
|
|
10
|
3.5
|
dimethylphthalate
|
C10H10O4
|
283.8
|
1
|
1.190
|
0.43
|
0.309
|
|
|
|
dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)
|
C2H6OS
|
189
|
18.4
|
1.092
|
M
|
0.444
|
0.75
|
|
0.61*
|
dioxane
|
C4H8O2
|
101.1
|
11.8
|
1.033
|
M
|
0.164
|
0.56
|
20
|
41
|
ethanol
|
C2H6O
|
78.5
|
-114.1
|
0.789
|
M
|
0.654
|
0.88
|
100
|
59
|
ether
|
C4H10O
|
34.6
|
-116.3
|
0.713
|
7.5
|
0.117
|
0.38
|
400
|
587
|
ethyl acetate
|
C4H8O2
|
77
|
-83.6
|
0.894
|
8.7
|
0.228
|
0.58
|
400
|
97
|
ethyl acetoacetate
|
C6H10O3
|
180.4
|
-80
|
1.028
|
2.9
|
0.577
|
|
|
0.78*
|
ethyl benzoate
|
C9H10O2
|
213
|
-34.6
|
1.047
|
0.07
|
0.228
|
|
|
|
ethylene glycol
|
C2H6O2
|
197
|
-13
|
1.115
|
M
|
0.790
|
1.11
|
|
0.092*
|
glycerin
|
C3H8O3
|
290
|
17.8
|
1.261
|
M
|
0.812
|
|
|
|
heptane
|
C7H16
|
98
|
-90.6
|
0.684
|
0.0003
|
0.012
|
|
400
|
48
|
1-heptanol
|
C7H16O
|
176.4
|
-35
|
0.819
|
0.17
|
0.549
|
|
|
|
hexane
|
C6H14
|
69
|
-95
|
0.655
|
0.0014
|
0.009
|
0.01
|
50
|
160
|
1-hexanol
|
C6H14O
|
158
|
-46.7
|
0.814
|
0.59
|
0.559
|
|
|
0.22*
|
methanol
|
CH4O
|
64.6
|
-98
|
0.791
|
M
|
0.762
|
0.95
|
200
|
128
|
methyl acetate
|
C3H6O2
|
56.9
|
-98.1
|
0.933
|
24.4
|
0.253
|
|
200
|
220
|
methyl t-butyl ether
(MTBE)
|
C5H12O
|
55.2
|
-109
|
0.741
|
4.8
|
0.124
|
0.20
|
|
250*
|
methylene chloride
|
CH2Cl2
|
39.8
|
-96.7
|
1.326
|
1.32
|
0.309
|
0.42
|
50
|
475
|
1-octanol
|
C8H18O
|
194.4
|
-15
|
0.827
|
0.096
|
0.537
|
|
|
|
pentane
|
C5H12
|
36.1
|
-129.7
|
0.626
|
0.004
|
0.009
|
0.00
|
600
|
573
|
1-pentanol
|
C5H12O
|
138.0
|
-78.2
|
0.814
|
2.2
|
0.568
|
|
|
2.2*
|
2-pentanol
|
C5H12O
|
119.0
|
-50
|
0.810
|
4.5
|
0.488
|
|
|
6.1*
|
3-pentanol
|
C5H12O
|
115.3
|
-8
|
0.821
|
5.1
|
0.463
|
|
|
8.8*
|
2-pentanone
|
C5H10O
|
102.3
|
-76.9
|
0.809
|
4.3
|
0.321
|
|
|
35.4*
|
3-pentanone
|
C5H12O
|
101.7
|
-39.8
|
0.814
|
3.4
|
0.265
|
|
200
|
37.7*
|
1-propanol
|
C3H8O
|
97
|
-126
|
0.803
|
M
|
0.617
|
0.82
|
|
21*
|
2-propanol
|
C3H8O
|
82.4
|
-88.5
|
0.785
|
M
|
0.546
|
0.82
|
400
|
44
|
pyridine
|
C5H5N
|
115.5
|
-42
|
0.982
|
M
|
0.302
|
0.71
|
5
|
20
|
tetrahydrofuran(THF)
|
C4H8O
|
66
|
-108.4
|
0.886
|
30
|
0.207
|
0.57
|
200
|
200
|
toluene
|
C7H8
|
110.6
|
-93
|
0.867
|
0.05
|
0.099
|
0.29
|
50
|
29
|
water
|
H2O
|
100.00
|
0.00
|
0.998
|
M
|
1.000
|
>>1
|
|
17.5
|
water, heavy
|
D2O
|
101.3
|
4
|
1.107
|
M
|
0.991
|
|
|
15
|
p-xylene
|
C8H10
|
138.3
|
13.3
|
0.861
|
0.02
|
0.074
|
0.26
|
100
|
15
|
2 The values for relative polarity are normalized from measurements of solvent shifts of absorption spectra and were
extracted from Christian Reichardt, Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry, Wiley-VCH Publishers, 3rd ed., 2003.
3 Snyder's empirical eluant strength parameter for alumina. Extracted from Reichardt, page 495.
4 Threshold limits for exposure. Extracted from Reichardt, pages 501-502.
* 25oC
TABLE 2
Solvent
|
formula
|
boiling point (oC)
|
melting point (oC)
|
density
(g/mL) |
solubility in H2O1
(g/100g)
|
relative
polarity2 |
eluant strength3
|
threshold limits4
(ppm)
|
vapor pressure 20oC (hPa)
|
cyclohexane
|
C6H12
|
80.7
|
6.6
|
0.779
|
0.005
|
0.006
|
0.04
|
100
|
104
|
pentane
|
C5H12
|
36.1
|
-129.7
|
0.626
|
0.0039
|
0.009
|
0.00
|
600
|
573
|
hexane
|
C6H14
|
69
|
-95
|
0.655
|
0.0014
|
0.009
|
0.01
|
50
|
160
|
heptane
|
C7H16
|
98
|
-90.6
|
0.684
|
0.0003
|
0.012
|
|
400
|
48
|
carbon tetrachloride
|
CCl4
|
76.7
|
-22.4
|
1.594
|
0.08
|
0.052
|
0.18
|
5
|
120
|
carbon disulfide
|
CS2
|
46.3
|
-111.6
|
1.263
|
0.2
|
0.065
|
0.15
|
10
|
400
|
p-xylene
|
C8H10
|
138.3
|
13.3
|
0.861
|
0.02
|
0.074
|
0.26
|
100
|
15
|
toluene
|
C7H8
|
110.6
|
-93
|
0.867
|
0.05
|
0.099
|
0.24
|
50
|
29
|
benzene
|
C6H6
|
80.1
|
5.5
|
0.879
|
0.18
|
0.111
|
0.32
|
0.5
|
101
|
ether
|
C4H10O
|
34.6
|
-116.3
|
0.713
|
7.5
|
0.117
|
0.38
|
400
|
587
|
methyl t-butyl ether
(MTBE)
|
C5H12O
|
55.2
|
-109
|
0.741
|
4.8
|
0.124
|
0.20
|
|
250*
|
diethylamine
|
C4H11N
|
56.3
|
-48
|
0.706
|
M
|
0.145
|
0.63
|
5
|
260
|
dioxane
|
C4H8O2
|
101.1
|
11.8
|
1.033
|
M
|
0.164
|
0.56
|
20
|
41
|
N,N-dimethylaniline
|
C8H11N
|
194.2
|
2.4
|
0.956
|
0.14
|
0.179
|
|
|
|
chlorobenzene
|
C6H5Cl
|
132
|
-45.6
|
1.106
|
0.05
|
0.188
|
0.30
|
10
|
12
|
anisole
|
C7H8O
|
153.7
|
-37.5
|
0.996
|
0.10
|
0.198
|
|
|
3.5*
|
tetrahydrofuran (THF)
|
C4H8O
|
66
|
-108.4
|
0.886
|
30
|
0.207
|
0.57
|
200
|
200
|
ethyl acetate
|
C4H8O2
|
77
|
-83.6
|
0.894
|
8.7
|
0.228
|
0.57
|
400
|
97
|
ethyl benzoate
|
C9H10O2
|
213
|
-34.6
|
1.047
|
0.07
|
0.228
|
|
|
|
dimethoxyethane (glyme)
|
C4H10O2
|
85
|
-58
|
0.868
|
M
|
0.231
|
|
|
|
diglyme
|
C6H14O3
|
162
|
-64
|
0.945
|
M
|
0.244
|
|
|
|
methyl acetate
|
C3H6O2
|
56.9
|
-98.1
|
0.933
|
24.4
|
0.253
|
|
200
|
220
|
chloroform
|
CHCl3
|
61.2
|
-63.5
|
1.498
|
0.8
|
0.259
|
0.40
|
10
|
210
|
3-pentanone
|
C5H12O
|
101.7
|
-39.8
|
0.814
|
3.4
|
0.265
|
|
200
|
37.7*
|
1,1-dichloroethane
|
C2H4Cl2
|
57.3
|
-97.0
|
1.176
|
0.5
|
0.269
|
|
100
|
240
|
di-n-butyl phthalate
|
C16H22O4
|
340
|
-35
|
1.049
|
0.0011
|
0.272
|
|
|
|
cyclohexanone
|
C6H10O
|
155.6
|
-16.4
|
0.948
|
2.3
|
0.281
|
|
25
|
5
|
pyridine
|
C5H5N
|
115.5
|
-42
|
0.982
|
M
|
0.302
|
0.71
|
5
|
20
|
dimethylphthalate
|
C10H10O4
|
283.8
|
1
|
1.190
|
0.43
|
0.309
|
|
|
|
methylene chloride
|
CH2Cl2
|
39.8
|
-96.7
|
1.326
|
1.32
|
0.309
|
0.42
|
50
|
475
|
2-pentanone
|
C5H10O
|
102.3
|
-76.9
|
0.809
|
4.3
|
0.321
|
|
|
35.4*
|
2-butanone
|
C4H8O
|
79.6
|
-86.3
|
0.805
|
25.6
|
0.327
|
0.51
|
200
|
105
|
1,2-dichloroethane
|
C2H4Cl2
|
83.5
|
-35.4
|
1.235
|
0.87
|
0.327
|
|
|
79*
|
benzonitrile
|
C7H5N
|
205
|
-13
|
0.996
|
0.2
|
0.333
|
|
10
|
12
|
acetone
|
C3H6O
|
56.2
|
-94.3
|
0.786
|
M
|
0.355
|
0.56
|
500
|
240
|
dimethylformamide (DMF)
|
C3H7NO
|
153
|
-61
|
0.944
|
M
|
0.386
|
|
10
|
3.5
|
t-butyl alcohol
|
C4H10O
|
82.2
|
25.5
|
0.786
|
M
|
0.389
|
|
100
|
41
|
aniline
|
C6H7N
|
184.4
|
-6.0
|
1.022
|
3.4
|
0.420
|
|
2
|
0.4
|
dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)
|
C2H6OS
|
189
|
18.4
|
1.092
|
M
|
0.444
|
0.75
|
|
0.61*
|
acetonitrile
|
C2H3N
|
81.6
|
-46
|
0.786
|
M
|
0.460
|
0.65
|
20
|
97
|
3-pentanol
|
C5H12O
|
115.3
|
-8
|
0.821
|
5.1
|
0.463
|
|
|
8.8*
|
2-pentanol
|
C5H12O
|
119.0
|
-50
|
0.810
|
4.5
|
0.488
|
|
|
6.1*
|
2-butanol
|
C4H10O
|
99.5
|
-114.7
|
0.808
|
18.1
|
0.506
|
|
100
|
18.3*
|
cyclohexanol
|
C6H12O
|
161.1
|
25.2
|
0.962
|
4.2
|
0.509
|
|
50
|
1.2
|
1-octanol
|
C8H18O
|
194.4
|
-15
|
0.827
|
0.096
|
0.537
|
|
|
|
2-propanol
|
C3H8O
|
82.4
|
-88.5
|
0.785
|
M
|
0.546
|
0.82
|
400
|
44
|
1-heptanol
|
C7H16O
|
176.4
|
-35
|
0.819
|
0.17
|
0.549
|
|
|
|
i-butanol
|
C4H10O
|
107.9
|
-108.2
|
0.803
|
8.5
|
0.552
|
|
|
|
1-hexanol
|
C6H14O
|
158
|
-46.7
|
0.814
|
0.59
|
0.559
|
|
|
0.22*
|
1-pentanol
|
C5H12O
|
138.0
|
-78.2
|
0.814
|
2.2
|
0.568
|
|
|
2.2*
|
acetyl acetone
|
C5H8O2
|
140.4
|
-23
|
0.975
|
16
|
0.571
|
|
|
3
|
ethyl acetoacetate
|
C6H10O3
|
180.4
|
-80
|
1.028
|
2.9
|
0.577
|
|
|
0.78*
|
1-butanol
|
C4H10O
|
117.6
|
-89.5
|
0.81
|
7.7
|
0.586
|
|
20
|
6.3
|
benzyl alcohol
|
C7H8O
|
205.4
|
-15.3
|
1.042
|
3.5
|
0.608
|
|
|
0.094*
|
1-propanol
|
C3H8O
|
97
|
-126
|
0.803
|
M
|
0.617
|
0.82
|
|
21*
|
acetic acid
|
C2H4O2
|
118
|
16.6
|
1.049
|
M
|
0.648
|
>1
|
10
|
15.3
|
2-aminoethanol
|
C2H7NO
|
170.9
|
10.5
|
1.018
|
M
|
0.651
|
|
3
|
0.53
|
ethanol
|
C2H6O
|
78.5
|
-114.1
|
0.789
|
M
|
0.654
|
0.88
|
1000
|
59
|
diethylene glycol
|
C4H10O3
|
245
|
-10
|
1.118
|
M
|
0.713
|
|
|
0.027
|
methanol
|
CH4O
|
64.6
|
-98
|
0.791
|
M
|
0.762
|
0.95
|
200
|
128
|
ethylene glycol
|
C2H6O2
|
197
|
-13
|
1.115
|
M
|
0.790
|
1.11
|
|
|
glycerin
|
C3H8O3
|
290
|
17.8
|
1.261
|
M
|
0.812
|
|
|
|
water, heavy
|
D2O
|
101.3
|
4
|
1.107
|
M
|
0.991
|
|
|
15
|
water
|
H2O
|
100.00
|
0.00
|
0.998
|
M
|
1.000
|
>>1
|
|
17.5
|
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